All major religions that legitimate war establish standards for right cause and right conduct. Unchecked violence for its own sake is universally condemned. So it is a mistake to view justified war theories as a solely Christian, Western, or European contribution to world civilization. In additional to Geneva Conventions and the U.N., there is just war theory in the formative documents of Hinduism and Islam. All these theories arise from the same basic insight famously described by Plato and Aristotle: war is not for the sake of war; it is fought for the sake of peace. Peace means a well-ordered society, and it is legitimate to defend that well-ordered society. Self-defense is a natural right for individuals and can be extended to the state. Religion according to Christian theory was not a sufficient cause for war, even though often used in crusades against Islam, heretics, and in post-Reformation struggles between Catholics and Protestants that restriction was ignored. After the crusades ended and certainly by 1648, religious differences alone were no longer acceptable as a just cause and reinterpretations of jihad appeared in some but not all Muslim theorists by the nineteenth century.
Hitler The Rise Of Evil Dual Audio
A theory of international relations is not just an intellectualenterprise; it has practical consequences. It influences our thinkingand political practice. On the practical side, the realists of the1930s, to whom Carr gave intellectual support, were people opposed tothe system of collective security embodied in the League of Nations.Working within the foreign policy establishments of the day, theycontributed to its weakness. Once they had weakened the League, theypursued a policy of appeasement and accommodation with Germany as analternative to collective security (Ashworth 46). After the annexationof Czechoslovakia, when the failure of the anti-League realistconservatives gathered around Neville Chamberlain and of this policybecame clear, they tried to rebuild the very security system they hadearlier demolished. Those who supported collective security werelabeled idealists. 2ff7e9595c
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